Here's what I think:
If you have two hard drives in your system, is it possible that you installed windows on the second drive? If that's the case, its possible that windows still wrote its master boot record to your first hard drive. This means that any problem with your first "unused" drive will cause windows to stop booting. The first drive may have died, or just become disconnected/unplugged somehow - recheck all your connections.
If you don't have two hard drives, it could mean that the blue screen, possibly caused by a bad overclock or driver fault, caused a problem with windows as well. Meaning your data is more likely intact, but windows will not boot due to corruption. If this is the case, we'd need to know which version of windows you're using to help you further (In a nutshell though: Windows XP -> Fixmbr, Windows 7 -> restore point or use bootsect.exe)
Further information would be a good start though